Biomarker Glossary
Your comprehensive guide to understanding blood test results. Learn what each biomarker means, optimal ranges, and symptoms of imbalance.
Iron Panel
Ferritin
Ferritin is a protein that stores iron in your cells and releases it when your body needs it. It's t...
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from your lungs to ...
Serum Iron
Serum iron measures the amount of iron currently circulating in your blood. Unlike ferritin, it refl...
Vitamins
Vitamin D
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that your skin produces when exposed to sunlight. It acts more li...
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 is essential for nerve function, DNA synthesis, and red blood cell formation. It's found...
Folate
Folate (Vitamin B9) is essential for cell division, DNA synthesis, and proper fetal development. It ...
Magnesium (RBC)
An essential mineral involved in over 300 metabolic reactions, including energy production, muscle f...
Thyroid
TSH
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) is produced by your pituitary gland and signals your thyroid to pr...
Free T4
Free T4 (thyroxine) is the unbound, active form of the main hormone produced by your thyroid gland. ...
T3
T3 (triiodothyronine) is the most active thyroid hormone. Most T3 is created when T4 is converted in...
Lipid Panel
Total Cholesterol
Total cholesterol is the sum of all cholesterol in your blood, including HDL, LDL, and VLDL. Cholest...
LDL Cholesterol
LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol carries cholesterol to your arteries. When levels are too ...
HDL Cholesterol
HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol picks up excess cholesterol in your blood and carries it ...
Triglycerides
Triglycerides are the most common type of fat in your body. They store unused calories and provide e...
Metabolic
Fasting Glucose
Fasting glucose measures the amount of sugar in your blood after not eating for at least 8 hours. It...
HbA1c
HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) reflects your average blood sugar over the past 2-3 months. It shows wha...
Fasting Insulin
Measures the amount of insulin in your blood after fasting. It is the earliest warning sign of insul...
Uric Acid
A waste product found in blood. High levels can lead to gout or kidney stones....
Kidney Function
Liver Function
ALT
ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) is an enzyme found mainly in your liver. When liver cells are damaged...
AST
AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase) is an enzyme found in your liver, heart, and muscles. Elevated leve...
GGT
A liver enzyme that is a highly sensitive marker for liver damage, bile duct issues, and alcohol con...
Inflammation
Hormones
Testosterone (Total)
The primary male sex hormone, though vital for both sexes. It regulates libido, bone mass, fat distr...
Cortisol (Morning)
The body's primary stress hormone. It controls blood sugar, regulates metabolism, and helps reduce i...
Estradiol (E2)
The strongest form of estrogen. It helps regulate the menstrual cycle in women and supports bone hea...
DHEA-S
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) is a hormone produced by your adrenal glands. It serves as a...
Blood Count
WBC (White Blood Cells)
Major component of the immune system. This count measures the number of white blood cells in your bl...
Platelets
Tiny blood cells that help your body form clots to stop bleeding....
RBC (Red Blood Cells)
Measures the number of red blood cells in your blood. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and carry o...
Hematocrit
The percentage of your blood volume that is made up of red blood cells. It indicates how much of you...
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